We and Our Science and Technology in modern age- Engineer Affan Nomani

Engineer Affan Nomani, Research Scholar and Columnist ,
 addressess the students on
" Science and Technology Modern age  "

It is an exciting age of science and technology in which we live. If these great achievement are used properly we can build a world free hunger, oppression disease and privation. But it is a big ' if '.

Our consciences seem to be dulled by crimes and outrages. In the last war the scientific achievement were destroyed into manifestations of horror. It is the violence in our hearts that accounts for great wars. Man himself is the present crisis. He is the greatest danger. 

If we take along view of human evolution we will find that man has grown through tenderness, compassion and endurance and not through anger, greed and passion. 

Engineering Education should undergo significant changes. You must emphasize not merely quantity but quality. People will put up with any amount of frustration If we use well the resources available, material and monetary. We may perhaps have to tighten up administration. 
Inadequate government policy and weak administration impede progress and development as much as lack of capital and inefficient methods of production. 

Building the India of tomorrow, harnessing our water resources, keeping the lines of communication open, building the defences of the country. 
The progress of mankind is dependent on the increasing use of our materials. But nature resources are limited so we need to develop the new technology.

PRESENTATION ( Biology ) :- Presence of starch in leaves

TITLE:-  Presence of starch in leaves
AIM:-  To Show Presence of starch in  leaves.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:- 1. Beaker  2. Test  tube , 3. Bunsen burner. 4. water bath 5. Ethanol  6. Tripod stand 
                                           7.  leaf

PROCEDURE:-  let us consider Beaker , Test  tube ,  Bunsen burner,  water bath ,  Ethanol ,Tripod stand and leaf as shown in figure .

fig:- boiling the leaf in ethanol spirit

fig:- Iodine test

 Let us take a leaf from a plant with soft and thin leaves and well exposed  to sun light.
* boil the leaf in methylated spirit removal of chlorophyll.
*take the leave carefully  from test tube by using a brush.
*spread the leaf in Petridish add few drops of betadine solution on it. Again observe leaf. 

PRECAUTION:-  we have done the experiment carefully.

RESULT:-  As per their activity above we observe that presence of starch in leaf.

© NRSC, Model Prepared by Engineer Affan Nomani, Research Scholar & Writer

PROJECT ( Biology ):- Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis in the presence of light.

TITLE:-  Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis in the presence of light.

AIM:-  To Show oxygen  is produced during photosynthesis in the presence of light.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:- 1. Beaker  2. Test tube 3. Water  4. Funnel  5. Hydrilla Plant.

PROCEDURE:-  Let us consider 1. Beaker  2. Test tube 3. Water  4. Funnel and  5. Hydrilla Plant as shown in figure below. 

*  place some water plant like hydrilla in a funnel and keep it in a beaker.
* Then pour the water in the beaker.
*  Invert a test tube full of water over the stem of a funnel.
*  place on apparatus in the sun and the other in the dark for at least 2-3 hours. You would seed that in place       of water there is a air that fills in the set up kept in sun . It is actually a gas that will be collected in the test        tube.
*  observe the other set up kept in dark.
*  we found that difference in the amount of gas collected.

PRECAUTION:-  we all group members have done the experiment carefully.

RESULT:-  when we tested the gas in the test tube by interesting a glowing match stick or insence stick which would burst into flames. This shows the presence of oxygen.

© NRSC, Model Prepared  by Engineer Affan Nomani, Research Scholar & Writer

PROJECT:- Concept of Light and Ray Diagram For Concave Mirror.

Q.No.1. Write a notes on concept of Light with the views of prominent scientists in scientific domain. 

Answer:-  The view of world's prominent scientists on light are different. Someone consider light is a particle while someone consider light is a wave. The debate about whether light consists of waves or particles dates back to the 17th century  Early in the 20th century, Albert Einstein , Niels Bohr, and others exploring the world of quantum mechanics said light behaves as both waves and particles. Later experiments clearly showed this "wave-particle duality," but they were never able to show light as both waves and particles at the same time. The authentic definition of light is that it is a type of energy and Its  a form of electromagnetic radiation of a  wave length which can be detected by the human eye. The study of light, known as optics, is an important research area in modern physics. Light is electromagnetic radiation that is shows properties of both waves and particles .

Research Scholar and columnist Engineer Affan Nomani has written in his article on June 28, 2016 , published in India's national English, Hindi and Urdu newspaper and magazine  that " Abu Ali Muhammed Hasan Ibne Haisam ( 965-1039 BC ) , well known as  Al-Hazen in Europe , was the first Scientist who proved Theology of European Wrong and given wonderful theory that the Light rays comes  from object to the Eye not from Eye to the object.  Al-Hazen was the one of the world's most influential physicist ,
responsible for the development of world's first Microscope.


Q.No.2. When an object placed at centre of curvature

 then where and what kind of image will be form ?


Answer:-  When an object placed at centre of curvature  ( C ) then the image will be formed Real, Inverted  and same that of object at centre of curvature ( C )  only.

Q.No.3. Where will be the image be formed when we 
place an object on the principal axis of a concave mirror at a point between focus and centre of curvature  ? 

Answer:- When an object placed at between focus
 ( F )  and centre of curvature ( C )  then the image will be formed Real, Inverted, Enlarged and beyond the centre  of curvature  ( C ).

Q.No.4  When an object placed at beyond centre of

curvature ( C )  then where and what kind of image 

will be form ?

 
Answer:- When an object placed at beyond the centre of curvature ( C )  then the image will be formed Real, Inverted, and diminished at 
between focus ( F )  and centre of curvature ( C ).

© NRSC, Model Prepared by Engineer Affan Nomani, Research Scholar & Writer

PRESENTATION:- Reflection of light in concave mirror

                                                                   PRESENTATION  ( F.A. 1 )

TITLE:- Reflection of light in concave mirror

AIM:- To show the image will be form same as that of object in  concave mirror .

MATERIAL REQUIRED:- Concave  mirror  2. Three scale for measuring height of object and image  3. Candle  4. Matchis box  5. Thermocole 6. Pins 7. Chart paper

PROCEDURE:- Let us consider a concave mirror, Three scale for measuring height of object and image , Candle  ,  Matchis box  , Chart paper and  Pins are elements on Thermocole as shown in figure below.

fig :- image is formed same as that of object

                 
Let us consider a concave mirror with two scale are situated vertically and another horizontally with a concave mirror.

Step 1:- when a candle ( object ) of height 6  cm with burning flame of 4 cm placed at between 7 cm to 8 cm at horizontal scale then we observe that same image formed as that of object on concave mirror.

Step 2:- when a candle ( object ) of height 6 cm with burning flame of 4 cm placed at between 5 cm to 6 cm at horizontal scale then we observe that same image formed as that of object on concave mirror.

Step 3:- when a candle ( object ) of height 6 cm with burning flame of 4 cm placed at 0 cm at horizontal scale then we observe that same image formed as that of object on concave mirror.

PRECAUTION:- We done all the experiment step by step carefully with a exact reading.

RESULT:- Hence we observed that image is formed same as that of object in  concave mirror.

© NRSC, Model Prepared by Engineer Affan Nomani, Research Scholar & Writer
                      

Concept of Basic Electric Circuit - Engineer Affan Nomani

The scanrious/secrets present in the Network theory:-

Scanrious 1:-  In the presence of active sources
 In the presence of source all the 3-passive lumped R, L, C will always absorb the energy
When ever they ( R, L, C ) are absorbing the energy, the current through them will always flows from positive to negative terminals ( i,e high level to low level ).

Scanrious 2 :-  In the absence of active sources 
* In the absence of sources, stored energy in the memory elements ( L & C ) will be delivered to the memoryless resistances . 
Whenever L and C elements are delivering the energy, currents through them will always from positive to negative terminals ( i,e from low level to high level ).As the Resistor is always absorbing the energy, the current through it will always from positive to negative terminal.

Active Element:- The Element which can boost any electrical energy.
 Another definition :- In an electrical network, if a circuit element has the capability of enhancing the energy level of a single passing through it , then it is termed as an active element

Examples - voltage and current sources, semiconductor devices like transistor and OP-Amp etc.

Passive Element:- The Element which dissipate energy from the circuit.
Examples - Resistor, Inductor and Capacitor etc.

Basic difference between the Network and  Circuit .

Circuit :- The circuit is a closed loop path in which electric current and voltage sources flows through it.

Electric circuit

Network:- The Network is the interconnection of the circuit.

Electric Current:- The flow of charges in the circuit is called Electric current.
* Electric current is denoted by I and S.I unit is Ampere.
* It is expressed as  I = q/t.

Voltage:- The potential difference between two point charges is nothing but Voltage.
* The Voltage is denoted by V and S.I unit is 'V'.
 Resistor:-    Resistor are common elements of electrical network and electronic circuit and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment which reduce current flow  , and , at the same time time , act to lower voltage levels within circuits.

 Series Resistor:- In the series connection of the resistor , there is only one path for the flow of current in the circuit . 
* In series connection of the resistor , current will be same of the every resistor but voltage will be different of the every resistor .
* In series connection of the resistor volt meter is used .

Parallel resistor :-  In the parallel connection of the resistor , there are many  path for the flow of current in the circuit . 
* In parallel connection of a resistor , the voltage will be same in every resistor while current will be  different in every resistor .
* Series and parallel connection of the resistor as shown in figure :-

Figure :-  Series and Parallel connection of the resistors  

Ohm's Law
The Ohm's law is the mathematical relationship among electric current , voltage and resistor.
* The principle is named after German Scientist Georg Simon Ohm.
* the ohm's law is defined as the electric current is directly proportional to the voltage.
i,e  V directly proportional to I.
    V = IR
    I= V/R 
    R= V/R

LAB ACTIVITY OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY

* Testing conductivity of liquids

. Electrical conductivity of liquids can be tested by a simple activity of taking a liquid, like lemon juice, in a container, inserting electrodes in it, connecting the two electrodes to the terminals of a battery with a bulb (LED) between them. The bulb glows, indicating that lemon juice is a conductor of electricity. Several liquids can be checked for electrical conductivity in the same way.

The process of decomposition of a chemical compound in a solution when an electric current passes through it is called electrolysis. This process is due to the chemical effect of electric current .


* Testing conductivity of metal

Figure : Testing conductivity of metal

Metaltest provides electrical conductivity testing for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. This test is applicable to metals that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or without a thin nonconductive coating. Electrical conductivity testing can be used to determine: type of metal or alloy, type of heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in conjunction with a hardness examination), aging of the alloy, and heat damage.

By : Engineer Affan Nomani

( The writer is a research Analyst at JNTU Hyderabad & Columnist . He has been publishing in many leading newspaper such The Hans India and DC  for the last few years . we always believe that there is no need to be defensive in front of communal forces. He may be reached at affannomani02@gmail.com )

प्राचीन युग में सबसे ज्यादा मशहूर वैज्ञानिक मुस्लिम दुनिया से

7 जनवरी 2016 को नाभिकीय भौतिक विज्ञानी , मशहूर दूरदर्शन शख्सियत व लेखक परवेज अमिराली हुडभोय हैदराबाद साहित्य समारोह में शिरकत करने आये थे . परवेज अमीराली भारतीय व विश्व विज्ञान पर ख़िताब करते हुवे कहा कि " मुसलमानों को तरक्की व याफ्ता के लिए विज्ञान से अवश्य जुड़ना चाहिए . आज भारत , पाकिस्तान , बांग्लादेश , इंडोनेशिया व विभिन्न देशों के मुसलमानों की बदहाली की वजह यह है कि वह साइंसी उलूम के साथ मजबूती से नही जुड़ रहे हैं । अपने ख़िताब में मुसलमानों की बदहाली व तररकी अक़ीदे व इतिहास पर भी रौशनी डाला ." मैंने साइंस और टेक्नोलॉजी से सम्बंधित बहुत से किताबों का अध्यन किया और पाया की साइंस वह इल्म है जो धर्म व कौमियत , रंग व नस्ल और इलाके के नज़रये से ऊपर है ।

चार से पांच सौ साल पहले साइंसी उलूम की तरक़्क़ी के छेत्र - इल्मे रियाजी ( गणित - Mathematics ), इल्मे नबातात ( Botony ) , इल्मे तबिआत ( भौतिकी - Physics ), इल्मे कीमिया ( रासायनिक शास्त्र - Chemistry ) व मेडिकल साइंस में मुस्लिम वैज्ञानिक का दबदबा था जो आज धीरे धीरे काम होते गया । इल्मे रियाजी ( गणित ) अरब वालों का पसंदीदा विषय रहा है । मुहम्मद बिन मूसा ख्वारिज़्मी , जिसे यूरोप में अल्गोरिज़्म के नाम से जाना जाता है . आप ने रियाजी ( हिसाब ) , फल्कीयात ( आसमानी चीजो से संबंधित चीज ) , जुगराफिया ( भूगोल- Geography ) और इतिहास में असाधारण कारनामे सर - अंजाम दिये । ख्वारिज़्मी दुनिया के पहले इल्मे रियाज ( गणित ) के जानकार थे जिन्होंने शून्य का इज़ाद ( आविष्कार ) किया । ' अल- जबर वल -मुकाबला ' ख्वारिज़्मी की मशहूर इल्मे रियाज़ी किताब में से एक थी जिसे बारहवीं सदी में तर्जुमा किया गया और सोलहवीं सदी तक यूरोप यूनिवर्सिटी कोर्से में शामिल कर लिया गया । जाबिर बिन हैयान , जिसे यूरोप में गेबर के नाम से जाना जाता है , इसके अलावा आप इमाम जाफ़रे सादिक रहमतुल्लाहि अलैहि के शागिर्द भी थे । कीमिया ( रासायनिक शास्त्र - Chemistry ) में आपकी खिदमत बहुत कबीले क़द्र है । इल्मे कीमिया के मुताल्लिक आपने 22 किताबें लिखीं जो आज भी अरबी ज़बान में मौजूद है और बाद में अंग्रेजी और लातिनी में तर्जुमे हुवे । जाबिर बिन हैयान दुनिया के उन गिने चुने वैज्ञानिकों में आते है जिसने अयस्क से धातु की शुद्धिकरण ( Purification of metals from ores ) जंग से संरक्षण ( Protection of Iron from Corrosion ) के बारे में अहम जानकारी की खोज़ की । अबु अली मुहम्मद हसन इब्ने हैसम , जिसे यूरोप में अल -हैजन के नाम से जाना जाता है . अल -हैजन पहले वैज्ञानिक थे जिन्होंने यूनानियों के नज़रिए को गलत साबित करते हुवे बताया की रौशनी की किरणें आँखों से चीजों की तरफ नहीं जाती बल्कि चीजों से आँखों की तरफ आती है ।

अल -हैजन दुनिया के पहले भौतिक वैज्ञानिक थे जिन्होंने खुर्दबीन ( माइक्रोस्कोप ) की इज़ाद का रास्ता हमवार किया और साथ ही प्रकाश के प्रवर्तन ( Reflection of Light ) व प्रकाश के अपवर्तन ( Refrection of  Light ) के बारे में अहम सिद्धांत पेश किये ।

अबु अली हुसैन इब्ने अब्दुल्लाह सीना , जिसे यूरोप में कहा जाता ऐवी सीना है । आप थर्मामीटर के मुजीद ( आविष्कारक ) है । आप ने इल्मे रियाजी , फलसफा , मेडिकल साइंस , सियासत और कानून से मुताल्लिक़ किताबें लिखीं ।

इस तरह इस्लाम के सुनहरे युग में कई वैज्ञानिक - अबु मूसा अली इब्ने तबरी , अबु अब्बास अहमद फरगानी , अबु बक्र मुहम्मद इब्ने यहया इब्ने बाजा , अबु बक्र मुहम्मद अब्दुल -मालिक इब्ने तुफैल , अबु वलीद मुहम्मद इब्ने अब्बास मजुसी और हुनैन इब्ने इसहाक जैसे महान वैज्ञानिक थे जिसने दुनिया को ही बदल कर रख दिया ।

यह दुर्भाग्य है कि दुनिया में मुस्लिम वैज्ञानिको का अनुपात धीरे धीरे घटता जा रहा है । मुस्लिम वैज्ञानिकों के अनुपात घटने की सबसे अहम वज़ह यह रही है कि कट्टरपंथीयो ने बहुत से वैज्ञानिको पर कुफ्र का फतवा लगा दिया जिससे बहुतो का हौसला गिरता गया और आज भी मुसलमान विज्ञान के साथ दिलचस्पी से नहीं जुड़ रहे है ....कुछ कट्टरपंथी विचारधारा के लोग विज्ञान को मुस्लिम दुनिया के लिए सीधे तौर पर नकार देते है जिसका आधार अन्धविश्वास पर टिका हुवा है । लेकिन हकीकत ये है कि जब हम कुरआन को अच्छी तरह समझ कर पढ़ते है तो पाते है की कुरआन में बहुत सी आयत है जहाँ कुदरती घटनाओं के बारे में विस्तार से वर्णन है जैसे की - कायनात की पैदाइश ( The Big Bang ) , कहकशाओ की पैदाइश से पहले धुवाँ ( Initial Gaseous Mass Before Creation of Glaxies ) , ज़मीन अंडे की शक्ल की है ( Shape of the Earth in Spherical ) , चाँद की रौशनी प्रवर्तित है ( Moonlight is Reflected Light ) , सूरज ख़त्म हो जायेगा ( The Sun Will Extinguish ) , सितारों के दरम्यान माद्दा ( Insterstellar Matter ) , फैलती हुवी कायनात ( The Expending Universe ) , एटम तक्सीम किये जा सकते है ( Atoms can be divided ) , पानी का चक्र ( Water Cycle ) , भाप ( बादल ) बनने की क्रिया ( Winda Impregnate Clouds ) , ज़मीन और उससे मुत्ताल्लिक चीजें ( Geology ) व जनिनि मराहिल ( Embryological Stages ) आदि । यदि मुस्लिम दुनिया इस्लाम के सुनहरे युग में मुस्लिम वैज्ञानिकों के योगदान को याद करेंगे ....तो वे दोबारा उभर सकते है । मेरी खासकर भारतीय मुसलमानों से उम्मीद है कि - मिसाइल मेन डॉ ए . पी . जे . अब्दुल कलाम , पक्षीविज्ञानी का अंतर्राष्ट्र्रीय चेहरा - सलीम अली , आइएस ऑफिसर व कार्डिनल ज्यामिति के संस्थापक - डॉ एम अहमद , जामिया मिलिया इस्लामिया नई देल्ही के पूर्व वाइस चांसलर डॉ सैय्यद जहूर कासिम , डेक्कन मेडिकल कॉलेज हैदराबाद के डीन डॉ सी . एम . हबीबुल्लाह व वैज्ञानिक व शायर गौहर रज़ा जैसे और वैज्ञानिक पैदा करे ताकि विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में मुसलमानों का दबदबा दोबारा कायम हो सकें ।

( लेख़क इंजीनियर अफ्फान नोमानी , रेसर्चेर व स्तंभकार है )

( The writer Engineer Affan Nomani  is a Research Analyst and Columnist . He has been publishing in many leading newspaper and   Magazine  such as The Hans India , DC ,  Voice of Politics and Vision Muslim Today Magazine  for the last few years. we always believe that there is no need to be defensive in front of communal forces . He may be reached at   affannomani02@gmail.com )